Automat

First we need to understand the difference assault rifle from assault rifles. The only difference - in the term. Automatic - Russian name that appeared in the 1920's in connection with the invention of gun-hooks. A assault rifle - is translated from the English language, which they called this phrase exactly the same weapons.
Now machine is the main mode of personal armed soldiers. He can fire single shots and bursts, some units include the release of otsechkoy (2-3 cartridge). Chucks fed the standard of shops on the 20-30 rounds or larger, fits up to 70. The increase in capacity shops may be due to its extension, and if it is not appropriate - he is replaced by drums.

The most famous machines: the Soviet AK, an American M16 and German MP38/40. Interestingly, the lives of Kalashnikov assault rifles gave the German MP44 has become the logical continuation of MP40. Immediately after the war in the Soviet Union were delivered about 11 thousand pieces of technical documentation for the production of MP44. Less than a year, designer of the machine Hugo Schmeiser was also taken to the Soviet Union. At the same time, it transfers from Germany have a group of designers. They, along with their families settle in the city to speak the name of Izhevsk. And a year goes most reliable mass machine in the world - AK index 47. It is obvious that participated in its formulation and young designer Kalashnikov. In very similar to the MP44 AK47 still have the details of the pilot rifle Russian designer. Now the different types of Kalashnikov rifles were the most common type in the world of small arms.
Ideological and military rival AK is an American M16 machine. His baptism of fire occurred in Vietnam, where American soldiers were forced to use in harsh environments are inadequate weapons. Yet it took a full military weapons, because there were also positive feedback. Automatic gave a lower value, was easier to beat heap. But in a jungle, he often refused to shoot because of pollution, and changed the trajectory of the bullet after a meeting with minor obstacles (leaves, twigs).
Neither the U.S. nor the Soviet-German machine can not be considered elite weapon. This is a massive infantry weapons, and above all - reliability, unpretentious, manufacturability, cheapness. And these parameters clearly wins the AK.

Handgun

The emergence of a pistol in the mid-16 century due to the invention kolestsovogo and silicon castle. They could keep shooting with one hand, as opposed to weapons wick lock.
Now there are several types of guns that are on the device. All of them are used as weapons of close combat in attack or defense. Semiautomatic pistols used by the energy of powder-gas cartridges for ejection hand, and a new holder doslat in the chamber. Most often shop with bullets made to handle. The most imenitye pistols this construction: Parabellum, Beretta, Colt, TT, Desert Eagle.
Parabellum has been developed by German gunsmiths Lyuggerom for the German army in 1900. For the time it was the perfect gun, albeit very complicated constructively. The main minus his strictness was high on the quality of cartridges. But in general, the quality was good, therefore, stood 3 modifications made pistol and actively used for half a century. Lyuger was armed with more than 20 countries around the world, and now is the collection and civilian weapons.
Revolver is fundamentally different from semiautomatic pistols. Chucks placed in a cylindrical drum, and served in the trunk of his rotation. The first revolvers charged like any silicon ruzhyam - a bullet into a barrel of gunpowder and fall asleep. Since the invention of a unitary patron appears wide variety revolvers. They are way shots. Before one shot, it was necessary to arm the trigger, while others have his arm during the pressing trigger hook. Perhaps the most successful version of a revolver - of Nagano. This is just the only one revolver, which permits the use of the silencer.
The choice between self-loading pistols and revolvers to determine how to use. Revolver more neprihotliv, reliable, can be stored for years without the slightest injury. It does not require a fuse, but will not allow random shots. His weaknesses - a long recharge, noise, large size, low accuracy in shooting samovzvodom.

Small arms

Always the principal and most massive weapons will be private. In the old days - this was the only way to kill the enemy. Over time, these became more and more, but personal weapons still will never go to second place. Even the most sophisticated bomb without personal weapons will not be able to be sent - simply capture.
Now personal weapons - small or firearms. The most widespread type of military small arms - assault rifles. They are characterized by relatively low weight, high rate, emkimi shops. They can perform rapid rush to the battlefield, a sweep large areas of up to several hundred meters. These properties could not best suited for combat in different contexts: from the city to the field.
There «massive» special machines. The latter are designed to carry out any special operations or of combat in specific circumstances. For example, there are machines for shooting underwater, which have been developed to combat diver-podryvnikami. Appointment of assault rifles determined by its design decisions. The most simple criterion - the size (short assault rifles - to battle on the premises).
Not all military useful to provide automatic, so they use more light firearms: a pistol and submachine gun. The gun came a little later shotguns and was intended for defense. And now use it as a second weapon, snipers, machine-gunner, ognemetchiki, pilots, etc. It is indispensable because of its size in the exploration, with its supplying equipment and silent besplamennoy shooting. Sometimes as a reserve arms of a submachine gun. But using it as a major weapon. It is useful in urban environments where not required a particular range and accuracy, but required rate.
There has lost its relevance of the use of rifles, but now they are not massive weapons, and elite - sniper. These rifles are distinct from more rigorous enforcement, special design and materials. They are provided with various devices, increases the visibility goal (optical, night vision devices, etc.).
To increase the power Infantry Rifle using machine guns. They can be hand-held and mounted. Hand used similar automatic, but should be mounted on the life of reinforced rigid construction.

Submarine

There is indirect confirmation of the use of submarines as far back as ancient Greece. In the Middle Ages, the idea of underwater vessel suggested Leonardo da Vinci, but he destroyed his drawings, not to carry hatred of people and under water. In the late 16 th century submarine built Bourn, in the early 17 - Drebbel. These and the other «potaennye» Court had manual transmission. Then deployed steam and electric motors. And in the early 20 th century began to use diesel. This engine is given the opportunity to create greater range and achieve greater speed. The main weapon of the time were mines, but applied and torpedoes. During the 1st World War II submarines built a great threat to warships and transport vessels.
Awareness of the importance of the fleet, and in particular the underwater prompted many countries to modernize and expand its fleet. A particularly successful in building submarine fleet Soviet Union, had a 2 times more boats than the second place Italy. True, these were small and medium-sized vessels and laying large scheduled for mid-40-ies. A particularly successful in World War II German submarine designers. By its end, they already have the theoretical possibility of installing on submarine ballistic missiles.
The third peak of development submarine fleet coming into the Cold War years, when it was necessary to have an invisible and subtle powerful weapons. At the same time, there were submarines with nuclear engines, which have virtually unlimited range.
Modern submarines can be systematized on several grounds: the engine, the goals of arms. The engine can be nuclear or diesel, diesel-electric. According to distinguish between objectives: multipurpose, submarines with cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, special-purpose torpedo-missile.

Landing ship

Even Peter I skillfully combines the use of sailing fleet for battle on the water and Galernaya - for landing. And during the first world in the service of the Russian fleet had specially converted for desantirovaniya merchant ships and self-propelled barges. Actively used marine paratroopers during the Second World War. Particularly strong are many Marines and U.S. Army. After all, this country is far behind other world powers must first defend its maritime borders. Although the Soviet Union has a similar length of maritime boundaries - to build a landing ship is in no hurry. Only 20 years after the end of the world, was built first major ship. And all because of the fact that all power boards were thrown on the development of submarine fleet, more appropriate in the Cold War. The basis of the Soviet and then Russian Navy landing ships served medium.
The advantage of specialized landing ships to the reconstructed - the ability to boarding untrained coast. To direct the movement of troops from ship to land involve helicopters, various crafts, or simply in the water. Also from ships can be desantirovanie various armored vehicles - to the craft or its course (anfibii).
In the U.S., more preference is given to ships engaged in desantirovanie by helicopter. They belong to a class of large landing ship, because the size and functions are similar to aircraft carriers. For example, ordered the Military Marine Forces vertoletonosets dollars LHA6 will have a length of 281 meters. This is the largest ship of that class, which will be held 20-25 ships simultaneously.
Unlike the U.S., Russia focuses on ships and boats on the hovercraft that can prick landing directly on the beach without additional funds.

Destroyer

In the late 19 th century in the sea battles have been applied torpedoes, or as they are called in Russia - «samodvizhuyuschiesya mines». Small ships, which they are held, called respectively minonostsami. A small but fast ship could sink huge Battleships. This has prompted reflection on the production of fighter aircraft and minonostsev minonosok. So there destroyers. This is a universal high-speed warships that can perform a variety of combat tasks. Destroyer can perform a single patrol, during which he successfully fights air targets, submarines, surface ships. Also successfully destroyers operate in Squadron group, which is reflected in the title.
A long time destroyer was the most common type of warships, but now because of the high cost, they are built much less. In different countries squadron minonostsy find different applications. In the USA - they escorted aircraft carriers and in the Soviet Union has long been considered protivolodnymi ships. Depending on the weapons, the main focus of destroyers can be done to combat submarine, surface, air goals artpodgotovku before desantom.
To date, there are about 200 destroyers. Despite the assignment to one class, they vary greatly. Most minonostsev squadron in the U.S. - 55 ships, which lies about 2 dozens. The greatest destroyer also goes under the sea state flag. He has the weapons to destroy all types of goals and one komplektatsy has 2 helicopters.
In the British navy 8 Type 42 destroyers, which are gradually replaced type 45. The main objective of the last British destroyer - the protection of aircraft carriers.
The Indian Navy has at its disposal squadron minonostsy type «Delhi». Their weapons are Russian roots.

Cruiser

Cruiser can perform combat mission in isolation from the rest of the fleet. He can attack air, surface and submarine goal to make the shelling coastal areas. Interestingly, the cruiser could be any other type of ships. They called cruisers, if they at a great distance from the coast performed various tasks alone. Therefore, the cruiser narekali even sloop. And there was a definition in the 17 century, but only at the end of the first 19 accustomed us armored vehicles to the engine speed. Then they had to sail long cruises.
In the early 20 th century shipbuilding developed thriving as never before. Within a short period, several generations of cruisers. Baptism of fire, many of them during the First World War. Cruiser mercilessly thrown into the battle, because they cost much less dreydnoutov. After the war, it was decided to reduce the number of heavy cruisers, which led to massive construction of light. Before the Second World was built dozens of ships of this class. In the war years, construction continued, only the U.S. and Britain, completing 47 and 35 respectively. The Soviet Union, launched a war with 7 light cruiser, finished it with 10. Such a lag of the main potential enemies forced the Government to councils to begin large-scale construction. By 1950, was launched 34 cruisers, to 1957 - another 15.
By the end of 1950 faced the problem of counter-strategic submarines. She was only permitted construction vertoletonesuschih ships, which could effectively counter the submarine. And if the States could use these for more than a hundred aircraft carriers, the other countries had to build a cruiser, the host helicopters. Particularly successful was the cruiser Soviet-type «Moscow», who served as a platform for 14 helicopters.
Currently, the construction of cruisers is not true. It is connected primarily with the tactic of large compounds ships, in which multi-cruiser did not belong. Therefore, use them only in 4 countries in one - as a training ship.